Relationships between the Hadley circulation and tropical sea surface temperature with different meridional structures simulated in CMIP6 models

The variability of the Hadley Circulation (HC) is greatly impacted by meridional structure sea surface temperature (SST), which has varied effects depending on its symmetrical or asymmetrical pattern relative to equator. By using Coupled Comparison Program International Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) model outputs and reanalysis datasets, this study assesses capacity CMIP6 models simulate relationship between HC tropical SST under different structures, as well investigates possible causes for simulation biases. It shown that can successfully reproduce climatological HC, SST, their spatial patterns first leading modes where correlation coefficient simulations observations reaches 0.8 above. comparison, exhibit substantial differences in simulating response over with obvious inter-model differences. Considering capability response, are divided into two types, Type I II model. Models those whose results basically close data, biases being less than 20%. simulated ratios much stronger reanalysis. found overestimate intensity El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events, remarkably underestimate equatorial symmetric part, resulting inability capture connection SST. indicate that, component reproducing ENSO events a considerable impact relationship, offers recommendations enhancing large-scale air-sea interactions.